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A. rabiei Ascochyta rabiei EV extracellular vesicle LFQ label-free quantitation Log2(FC) log2(fold-change) NTA nanoparticle tracking analysis PDB potato dextrose broth TEM transmission electron microscopy. 1 Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are naturally released by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells under normal and pathophysiological circumstances [1-3].

1 Introduction Global food production underpinned by a broad range of agricultural systems is under increased pressure to provide crop-derived food security and associated economic flow for a population set to reach > 9 billion people by the middle of the 21st century (Godfray 2014; Lahlali et al. 2022). Crop production has a significant role in ensuring food security and is consistently challenged by biotic and abiotic constraints, increasing the risk of supply not meeting global demand.

Abstract Marteilia sydneyi, an ascetosporean parasite, is the causative agent of Queensland Unknown (QX) disease in Saccostrea glomerata. QX disease outbreaks often lead to high mortality rates and considerable population losses. Investigating host/parasite interactions at a molecular level is imperative to better understand how S. glomerata mounts immune defences, and to explore whether M. sydneyi evades host responses. This study aims to investigate S. glomerata's response to M.