Ignacio Requejo

1 Introduction Global climate change mitigation efforts have become increasingly urgent, exerting substantial pressure on firms to account for and reduce their carbon emissions and strengthen their carbon reporting quality (Block et al. 2024; Qian and Schaltegger 2017). Meanwhile, the literature on carbon and environmental outcomes is facing significant challenges to differentiate between symbolic and substantive efforts, referred to as ‘climate talk and walk’ (Bingler et al. 2024; Coen et al.