ilan mandel

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects millions worldwide but remains under-diagnosed, especially in resource-limited settings. Current diagnostic methods, including visual and dipstick urinalysis, lack quantitative accuracy, while laboratory-based tests remain inaccessible for routine or remote monitoring. Here we present SpectraPhone, a smartphone-integrated, portable spectrometer designed for quantitative, point-of-care urinalysis.

Centralization in code hosting and package management in the 2010s created fundamental shifts in the social arrangements of open source ecosystems. In a regime of centralized open source, platform effects can both empower and detract from communities depending on underlying technical implementations and governance mechanisms. In this paper we examine Dependabot, Crater and Copilot as three nascent tools whose existence is predicated on centralized software at scale.