Ildo Luis Sauer

1. Introduction According to the media, the ongoing energy transition threatens network operators [1,2]. The expression utility death has been in the news to denote this threat for some time. However, it is hard to reconcile this death utility image with any credible energy system scenario. Traditionally, supply and demand are aligned by dispatchable generators according to changes in load. When demand is higher than supply, the system frequency tends to decrease.

1. Summary The rapid expansion of distributed generation (DG) throughout the 21st century is one of the many outcomes of the profound transformations that the organization of the electrical industry has been undergoing in nearly all countries. Following a century dominated by vertically integrated generation, transmission, and distribution systems constituting regulated natural monopolies, structural and regulatory changes were initiated in the last few decades.

3.2. Approach Used to Estimate USP-105 Hosting Capacity Although the match of maximum PV power with minimum load is unlikely, a static and worst-case-based scenario approach was considered using all data presented in the previous sections. However, in this case study, it was not convenient to use the minimum load, which was observed at 3 a.m. (when there is no PV generation), with the maximum PV power possible.