Immunoporosis Lab

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. The current study's data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Introduction The term microbiota refers to all the microbes (including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes) that exist in a particular niche in/on the host. Microbes cover all the host mucosal surfaces with the majority of them residing within the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota). The human gut microbiota comprises of ~100 trillion microbes (500-1000 species) which encode for more than 3.3 million genes.

Abstract Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are essential for the bone remodeling process and are involved in the pathophysiology of several bone-related diseases. The extensive corpus of in vitro research and crucial mouse model studies in the 1990s demonstrated the key roles of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast biology.