In Hwan Lee

Abstract The material extrusion process using a heated syringe in additive manufacturing offers the advantage of fabricating various materials with a single device while being cost-effective due to the ease of material storage and management. Additionally, since the material is sealed inside the syringe, it is isolated from external contamination, allowing for the processing of materials sensitive to environmental exposure.

The general handling of data about individuals in South Korea is regulated mainly under the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). This law oversees the collection, use and disclosure of personal information by public institutions, businesses and organisations, and applies to the processing of personal information by both public and private entities.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) estimates that the number of air passengers will more than double in two decades, from 3.0 billion in 2012 to 6.4 billion in 2030 (ICAO 2013). Aviation emissions cause an increase in the concentration of pollutants including fine particulate matter (PM ) and ozone (O ).