Instruction Chinese

What is already known about this topic A new research area has emerged, focusing on understanding student conceptions of AI. AI education, in alignment with STEM education, emphasizes student understanding of key concepts. Limited studies have explored student preconceptions of key concepts like intelligence. What this paper adds A spectrum of student preconceptions was identified regarding AI representation, functionality, working mechanisms, ethical considerations and the intelligence concept.

Students' struggles with abstract and systems thinking Students at Level 3 understood scientific fragments; that is, they grasped fragmented ideas of the intended knowledge. As shown in Table 3, the primary factor that caused students to remain at Level 3 was weakness in systems and abstract thinking.

Assessment Measures and Procedures We administered a range of linguistic measures covering Chinese orthographic knowledge, word reading, listening comprehension and reading comprehension to both groups before and after the treatment as pre-post-tests. The Time-1 (T1) assessment was conducted at the beginning of the school year in September while the Time-2 (T2) assessment was conducted at the end of it from June to July.