Iongel Duran-Llacer

1 Introduction Aridification is a gradual shift to drier conditions that affects global ecosystems and agri-food systems by causing land degradation, desertification, decreased crop yields, loss of biodiversity, and increased tree mortality (Cheng et al., 2024; Pricope et al., 2025; Vicente-Serrano et al., 2024). Further, across many regions of the world, droughts are becoming longer, more frequent, and more severe (Calvin et al., 2023; Gebrechorkos et al., 2025; Miranda et al., 2023).

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