Irina Efremova

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All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1. Introduction Hemodynamic changes in cirrhosis were described half a century ago and consist of arterial vasodilation (decreased systemic vascular resistance), hypotension, and increased cardiac output. This is defined as hyperdynamic circulation [,,]. The study of experimental models of cirrhosis led to the hypothesis that these changes arise as a response to subclinical systemic inflammation.