Iro Pierides

Abstract More than 200 years ago, Alexander von Humboldt described a tree of the genus Clusia for its ability to perform crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). This drought-adaptive metabolism allows plants to maintain photosynthesis under water limitation by temporally separating CO₂ uptake and fixation. The diversity of CAM physiotypes has fueled a debate about evolutionary constraints and the feasibility of engineering CAM into C₃ crops.

Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Pierides I, Kramml HM, Waldherr S, Weckwerth W (2026) Kernel-DMD for multiome data integration and control. PLoS Comput Biol 22(3): e1014029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014029 Editor: Julio R. Banga, CSIC: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, SPAIN Received: October 21, 2025; Accepted: February 16, 2026; Published: March 31, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Pierides et al.

Introduction The global human population is experiencing exponential growth, while the agricultural sector is not expanding at the same rate. There is a pressing need to boost crop production to address the increasing dietary demands. However, this endeavour is hindered by challenges such as heatwaves, droughts, and other unpredictable environmental conditions. The ‘climate crisis’ leads us towards a warmer and drier Earth (FAO, 2019).