Isi Susanti

1 Introduction Frailty has been increasingly recognised as a multifaceted construct encompassing not only physical but also psychological and social dimensions [1]. These aspects are closely interrelated and can collectively contribute to adverse health outcomes in later life [2, 3]. As global populations continue to age, maintaining functional capacity and quality of life among older adults has become a public health priority [4-6].

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data set and analysis will be available upon request. Supporting Information Filename Description cdoe70044-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 18.6 KB Data S1: cdoe70044-sup-0001-Supinfo.docx.