Isla Patterson

1 INTRODUCTION Global biodiversity is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic factors, including climate change and habitat change through fragmentation and conversion (Newbold et al., 2015). Human encroachment into the natural landscape through urbanisation and agricultural development can exacerbate these threats as it increases human–wildlife interactions potentially leading to human–wildlife conflict (HWC) (Dirzo et al., 2014; Mukeka et al., 2019).