Isnaini Isnaini

1. Introduction In the first two decades of the 21st century (2001–2020), the Earth’s surface temperature became 0.99 °C warmer than it was in 1850–1900 and the global annual average is expected rise by another 0.85 °C within the next 100 years []. An increase in global temperatures will intensify heat waves, followed by wet and very dry weather. These causes changes in the pattern, intensity and frequency of rainfall, and unpredictable drought and flood conditions will occur more frequently.