J. E. Shortridge

1 Introduction In the face of rapid and profound changes in the Earth's climate system, the concept of tipping points is becoming an increasingly widespread framing to describe climate change risks. This concept has been widely applied to describe abrupt and irreversible changes where a biophysical phenomenon moves from one state to another, such as the collapse of the Greenland ice sheet or cessation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ocean currents (Lenton et al., 2019).