J Tod Olin

Summary and conclusions This review highlights the importance of EILO in athletes, showing that it is common, may mimic lower airway dysfunction (ie, asthma, EIB, AHR) and represent a barrier to peak performance in athletes. EILO has not been adequately researched, and there are many knowledge gaps and questions for the sports medicine community. Most importantly, is to better understand the mechanism(s) central to the disease process.

Risk factors associated with EILO in athletes The cause of EILO is still unknown, however several risk factors are likely to be relevant. Specifically, asthma, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD),33 nasal disease,34 anatomic factors related to the upper airway, behavioural health factors and genetic factors35 have been suggested as both a cause or a risk factor.

COVID-19 psychology respiratory system exercise therapy Despite the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the Tokyo2020 Organizing Committee (TOGOC), IOC, International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and National Olympic and Paralympic Committees (NOC/NPCs) delivered events across 42 venues for over 15 000 athletes from over 200 countries.