Jack Graham Hendrix

Abstract Behaviorists sometimes view askance studies where researchers indirectly observe animals, consequently challenging whether remotely inferred behavior is true behavioral research. Alternatively, others purport that technological advancements, like Global Position System (GPS) tags or biologgers, have expanded the scope of behavioral research to temporal and spatial scales infeasible for direct observation.

Abstract Habitat change and subsequent trophic effects remain the dominant hypothesis for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus) population declines. Boreal forests are undergoing rapid changes, including expanding linear features and climate-induced increased wildfire activity. Within these landscapes caribou habitat selection and movement ought to maximize benefits while mitigating costs, e.g. predation risk, but spatial locations are likely not fixed in their cost-benefit ratio.