Jack Wei Chieh

Cardiac troponin (cTn) is an established, highly specific cardiac biomarker that is integral to the early risk stratification and diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (1–6). The development of high-sensitivity (hs)-cTn assays has enabled the use of lower thresholds, allowing for earlier diagnosis and exclusion of myocardial infarction and therefore more rapid triage when patients present to the emergency department (7–9).

Introduction Myocardial fibrosis in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has been well described in previous studies (1–3). We previously relied solely on myocardial biopsies to diagnose myocardial fibrosis. However, it has a significant rate of sampling error and render the prevalence of myocardial fibrosis difficult to evaluate. With the advance of cutting-edge technology, myocardial fibrosis may now be easily detected with high accuracy and precision (4).

Myocardial Fibrosis in Rheumatic Heart Disease: Emerging Concepts and Clinical Implications 1Jakarta Heart Center, Indonesia 2international SOS, United Kingdom 3Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka, Indonesia 4Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam 5National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 6Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.