Jacob Stanley

Environmental Science & Technology Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2025, XXXX, XXX Click to copy citationCitation copied! . This publication is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 . You are free to share (copy and redistribute) this article in any medium or format within the parameters below: Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. Non-Commercial (NC): Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted.

Abstract Transcription by RNA polymerases is an exquisitely regulated step of the central dogma. Transcription is the primary determinant of cell-state, and most cellular perturbations impact transcription by altering polymerase activity. Thus, detecting changes in polymerase activity yields insight into most cellular processes. Nascent run-on sequencing provides a direct readout of polymerase activity, but no tools exist to model this activity at genes.