Jainu Ajit

Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Ajit J, Chen Q, Ung T, Rosenberger M, Kim J, Solanki A, et al. (2025) β-glucan induced trained immunity enhances antibody levels in a vaccination model in mice. PLoS One 20(5): e0323376.

Abstract Trained immunity improves disease resistance by strengthening our first line of defense, the innate immune system. Innate immune cells, predominantly macrophages, are epigenetically and metabolically rewired by β-glucan, a fungal cell wall component, to induce trained immunity. These trained macrophages exhibit increased co-stimulatory marker expression and altered cytokine production. Signaling changes from antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, polarize T-cell responses.

Abstract Trained immunity refers to the non-specific innate immune memory response triggered by the epigenetic and metabolic rewiring of innate immune cells. A strengthened innate immune system significantly improves disease resistance. However, very few trained immunity-inducing molecules have been identified. Almost all molecules for training are primarily immunogenic and then subsequently induce training.