Jallu Lindblom

1 Introduction The complex relationship between early childhood experiences and brain development is a central topic in neuroscientific research. Much of the existing literature has focused on the impact of extreme forms of early life stress (ELS), such as abuse, neglect, and maltreatment, on various developmental outcomes. Research has extensively documented the long-term associations of extreme ELS on mental health (e.g., depression and anxiety; Baldwin et al. 2023; Gershon et al.

Do parents and their children share similar sleep features, and if so, why? From the perspective of family systems theories, the response would be affirmative and emphasize interdependency among family members, as their well-being, stress, and emotional expressions reciprocally influence how each functions in multiple ways (Bowen, 1990; Cox & Paley, 1997), including in terms of sleep schedules and sleep problems (El-Sheikh & Kelly, 2017; Peltz et al., 2016).