Materials & Methods Study area The research was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in a shrubby rangeland approximately 78 km to the northwest of Paşaköy, which is 13 km away from the Ayvacık district of Canakkale Province. Paşaköy has an altitude of 280 m and its geographical location is between 39.527042 latitude and 26.325733 longitude. The vegetation cover of the rangelands is a typical maquis formation. The terrain is generally hilly and the soil is shallow with bedrock appearing in places.
