Jasna Aleksova

1. Ott SM. In osteoporosis or osteopenia, exercise interventions improve  BMD; effects vary by exercise type and BMD site. Ann Intern Med 2022;  175(4): JC46. 2. Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ, et al. Exercise for preventing and treating  osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (7): CD000333. 3. Kemmler W, Shojaa M, Kohl M, von Stengel S. Effects of different types of exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

1 Introduction Kidney transplant recipients have a risk of incident fracture within the first three post-transplant years that is approximately five-fold greater than the general population [1-3]. This elevated fracture risk is sustained, and in patients with a functioning graft, remains 2-fold greater than that of the general population for up to 15 years [2].

Introduction Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and altered microstructure that predisposes to bone fragility and increased fracture risk.