Jasnizat Saidin

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Dear Colleagues, Marine biofouling, the undesirable colonization of organisms on surfaces of marine submerged man-made structures, poses serious economic problems and environmental risks throughout the world. It reduces ship speed, increases fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, increases weight of submerged static structures (such as oil and gas rigs, aquaculture facilities, water-use structures of coastal power plants, and sensors), and expands the distribution of invasive species.