Javid Mir

Abstract Apples are one of the most economically significant and widely cultivated fruit crops worldwide, contributing substantially to food security and the horticultural economy. However, their production is frequently compromised by diseases such as Alternaria leaf spot, Apple Mosaic, Powdery Mildew, and Apple Scab, leading to significant yield losses and increased dependence on chemical control.

Supporting Information Filename Description ppl14377-sup-0001-Supplementary_Data.pdfPDF document, 750.1 KB Data S1: Supporting Information REFERENCES , , , , , and , 2018. Green leaf volatile production by plants: a meta-analysis. New Phytologist, 220(3), pp. 666-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14671 , , , , , , , and , 2015. Priming of wheat with the green leaf volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate enhances defense against Fusarium graminearum but boosts deoxynivalenol production.

2.9. Preparation of Extracts for Cell Culture The three samples, one indigenous (Suleiman) and two exotic ones (Opex Culchry and Chenovo), showing the maximum free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content, were further used for cell culture experiments. A 0.22 μm membrane filter (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used to filter the extracts, and the stock solutions, at a concentration of 250 µL (30 mg/mL), were prepared.