Jayna Patel

After reading this article, you should be able to: Explain the in optimising patient outcomes and supporting safe, effective use of medicines; Describe the in providing evidence-based, patient-centred counselling; Apply to support adherence and safe use of medicines across diverse patient groups; Identify methods to , in line with NHS and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance. Medicines counselling is a crucial part of pharmacy practice.

aAcademic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, UK bDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Publication History: Received April 8, 2025; Revised September 22, 2025; Accepted November 25, 2025; Published online December 8, 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2025.11.054 External LinkAlso available on ScienceDirect External Link

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