Jean M. Pierre

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 17 - 2026 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1846103 Reviewed by ORIGINAL RESEARCH article JP Jean Pierre Doussoulin 1,2 FC Franz Carrillo 3 1. Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile 2. Universite Gustave Eiffel, Champs-sur-Marne, France 3. Escuela de Administración de Servicios, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile 4.

Methods This study is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial comparing high-flow nasal oxygen with Venturi mask therapy in patients with hypoxemia immediately after extubation in the intensive care unit. This trial was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, two-arm, open-label study conducted between June 2014 and October 2016 in 13 intensive care unit across Europe [21].

Abstract Robust evidence supports the use of preemptive non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after extubation in selected high-risk patient cohorts. In contrast, current guidelines discourage the use of NIV as a rescue therapy for respiratory failure that develops later after extubation, based on earlier studies indicating a potential increase in hospital mortality due to delayed reintubation. Nonetheless, NIV continues to be employed in this setting.