Jeff Shimeta

1 Introduction Australia is home to the longest living Indigenous culture on earth and also contains the third largest marine territory in the world (Hedge et al. 2020). For at least 65,000 years, Indigenous peoples have occupied the Australian continent (Clarkson et al. 2017; Rist et al. 2019).

1 INTRODUCTION Marine mammals are a polyphyletic group comprised of approximately 129 species across three orders: Cetacea, Sirenia and Carnivora (Pompa-Mansilla et al., 2011). Cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are amongst the most endangered taxa due to anthropogenic threats.

1 Introduction Due to anthropogenic activity, atmospheric CO2 has reached a current concentration of 422 ppm (Dlugokencky and Tans, 2021), and could reach ~1000 ppm by the end of this century (IPCC, 2021). This is causing ocean warming and acidification.