Jeffrey Boxer
Los Angeles
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JD. Formerly @jdforward, @MARCAinENGLISH and @BrandeisJudges. Boston native, @UCLA_Law / @BrandeisU alum.
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Articles by Jeffrey Boxer
Labor & Employment Law Daily Wrap Up , EXPERT INSIGHTS—Washington State bans most non-competes retroactively, but not until June 2027 , (Jun 18, 2026)
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Washington State Bans Most Non-Competes Retroactively, But Not Until June 2027
Jeffrey Boxer’s articles from Carter Ledyard & Milburn are most popular: within Employment and HR topic(s) in United States with readers working within the Advertising & Public Relations, Banking & Credit and Business & Consumer Services industries Carter Ledyard & Milburn are most popular: within Employment and HR, Government, Public Sector and International Law topic(s) Washington State recently adopted legislation banning most non-compete agreements, including non-competes in existing...
Federal Court Affirms Constitutionality Of New York Labor Law Amendment Limiting Liquidated Damages
Jonathan Trafimow’s articles from Carter Ledyard & Milburn are most popular: with Senior Company Executives and HR in United States with readers working within the Media & Information and Law Firm industries In a July 18, 2025 article, we discussed an amendment to New York Labor Law (NYLL) §191 (now codified at NYLL §191(1)(a)) that eliminated liquidated damages in cases involving the late payment of wages for manual workers if certain conditions are met.
Labor & Employment Law Daily Wrap Up , EXPERT INSIGHTS—Tennessee limits non-compete agreements with lower compensated employees while presuming that restrictive covenants of up to two years are reasonable in duration , (Jun 8, 2026)
Articles Law Firms Organizations Law Firms Mentioned:Carter Ledyard & Milburn By Jeffrey Boxer and Jonathan Trafimow of Carter Ledyard & Milburn Beginning on July 1, 2026, Tennessee will bar noncompete agreements with employees who earn less than $70,000 per year. For noncompete agreements with employees who earn $70,000 per year or more, and for other restrictive covenants, Tennessee's new s ... You have no more complimentary views available this month.
Federal Court Affirms Constitutionality of New York Labor Law Amendment Limiting Liquidated Damages
In a July 18, 2025 article, we discussed an amendment to New York Labor Law (NYLL) §191 (now codified at NYLL §191(1)(a)) that eliminated liquidated damages in cases involving the late payment of wages for manual workers if certain conditions are met. These conditions are that the employer must not have been previously found to have violated the law, and that the employees were paid at least semi-monthly.
Tennessee Limits Non-Compete Agreements With Lower Compensated Employees While Presuming That Restrictive Covenants Of Up To Two Years Are Reasonable In Duration
Carter Ledyard & Milburn are most popular: within Government, Public Sector and International Law topic(s) Beginning on July 1, 2026, Tennessee will bar noncompete agreements with employees who earn less than $70,000 per year. For noncompete agreements with employees who earn $70,000 per year or more, and for other restrictive covenants, Tennessee’s new statute includes a presumption that a restriction that lasts two years or less is reasonable in duration.
Department Of Labor Reveals New Joint Employer Rule Proposal
Carter Ledyard & Milburn are most popular: within Energy and Natural Resources, Government, Public Sector and Law Department Performance topic(s) On April 22, 2026, the United States Department of Labor (“DOL”) announced its new proposed rule aimed at clarifying when multiple employers share joint liability for violations of federal wage and hour laws.
The FTC Switches Gears On Noncompete Enforcement
Jeffrey S. Boxer’s articles from Carter Ledyard & Milburn are most popular: with readers working within the Business & Consumer Services industries Carter Ledyard & Milburn are most popular: within International Law topic(s) The Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) nationwide ban on virtually all noncompete agreements in the employment context was expected to take effect in Sept. 2024.
The FTC Switches Gears on Noncompete Enforcement
Click to enter your existing username and password or create a new account. Click to purchase an individual user subscription with your credit card. Expert OpinionContracts The FTC planned to ban all noncompete agreements but abandoned that effort after courts ruled it lacked authority. Now, it focuses on targeted enforcement against specific violations. The agency also requests information from the public and warns healthcare companies to review their noncompete clauses.
Proposed Amendment To New York Labor Law Would Resolve Disagreement Between First And Second Departments
Consider the following. Irma works as a manual laborer, as that term is defined by the New York Labor Law (NYLL) and her employer regularly pays Irma her wages every two weeks. But Section 191 of the NYLL requires weekly payment of wages to manual workers. Have Irma's rights under the NYLL been violated? If so, what damages are available to her? Some readers of this space will recognize these (alleged) facts and legal issues from Vega v. CM & Assocs. Constr.
Proposed Amendment to New York Labor Law Would Resolve Disagreement Between First and Second Departments
"This term, the Supreme Court made it easier for members of a majority group to state discrimination claims, temporarily allowed the president’s removal of two members of federal agencies, leaving the National Labor Relations Board without a quorum, clarified plaintiffs’ burdens under the Fair Labor Standards Act and addressed a military reservist’s entitlement to differential pay during active duty. This column addresses these decisions and the significance for employers."
Florida's CHOICE Act Reshapes The Rules On Noncompetes And Garden Leave Agreements
Florida's new Contracts Honoring Opportunity, Investment, Confidentiality, and Economic Growth (CHOICE) Act, a sweeping statutory overhaul that significantly expands how employers in Florida may use noncompete and garden leave agreements, is expected to take effect on July 1, 2025.1 The CHOICE Act provides a new framework for enforcing noncompete and garden leave agreements with restrictions lasting up to four years—but only where employers meet specific conditions tied to compensation...
New York State Legislature Considers Non-Compete Bills
CL Carter Ledyard & Milburn More Carter Ledyard & Milburn is a New York-based law firm with a strong focus on litigation, corporate transactions, real estate, and trusts and estates. We have a ratio of partners to associates of about one to one, and provide personal, partner-level attention to all clients and matters, large and small.
Federal Court In Texas Strikes Down FTC Rule Barring Non-Competes
A federal court in Texas struck down the FTC's newly adopted rule banning virtually all non-compete clauses with workers. The rule had been slated to become effective on September 4, 2024. Our summary of the FTC's non-compete rule can be found here. The federal court in Texas in Ryan v. FTC issued a decision on August 20, 2024 holding that the FTC exceeded its statutory authority in implementing the rule and that the rule is arbitrary and capricious.
Federal Court Decision Identifies Employer Liability For Use Of Automated Employment Decision-Making Tools
We have previously written on New York City's law requiring audits for employers and employment agencies (together, "Employers") who use automated employment decision-making tools ("AEDTs") to assist in making employment decisions. A recent ruling by a California court in Derek Mobley v. Workday, Inc. (Case No. 23-cv-00770-RFL) holds that Employers may face liability under federal law for their use of AEDTs. If other courts follow suit, this development could impact Employers across the country.
Federal Court In Pennsylvania Denies Injunction Preventing FTC From Enforcing New Non-Compete Rule
A federal court in Pennsylvania rejected an attempt to enjoin the FTC's newly adopted rule banning virtually all non-compete clauses with workers. (Our summary of the FTC's non-compete rule can be found here.) The court in ATS Tree Services, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission held that the plaintiff failed to demonstrate it would be irreparably harmed if the rule goes into effect.
Court Issues Limited Injunction Preventing FTC From Enforcing New Non-Compete Rule Against The Plaintiffs, But Not Others
The federal court presiding over challenges to the FTC's newly adopted rule banning virtually all non-compete clauses with workers has issued an injunction preventing the rule from taking effect while the court considers the plaintiffs' challenge to the rule, but the court limited the scope of the injunction to only the named plaintiffs in the litigation.
FTC Adopts Rule Barring Virtually All Non-Competes With Workers
On April 23, 2024, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") adopted a sweeping rule banning virtually all future non-compete clauses with workers and invalidating existing non-compete clauses with all workers other than "senior executives." The three Democratic Commissioners voted in favor of the rule, while the two Republican Commissioners voted against the rule. The rule deems non-compete agreements illegal unfair competition in violation of Section 5 of the FTC Act.
FTC Plans Vote On Rule Barring Non-Competes
The Federal Trade Commission announced that it will vote on whether to issue a final rule barring most non-compete agreements with employees. The vote is scheduled for a special FTC meeting on April 23, 2024. In January 2023, the FTC published a proposed rule that designated essentially all non-compete agreements with workers as forms of "unfair competition", rendering them unenforceable. Read our summary of the proposed rule here. The FTC received more than 26,000 comments on the proposed rule.
New York City Considers Non-Compete Bans And Limits
In the wake of New York Governor Kathy Hochul's veto of state legislation that would have banned virtually all non-compete agreements in New York State, the New York City Council is considering three separate bills that would ban or limit non-competes in New York City. The first bill being considered by the City Council is a complete ban on all non-competes with all "workers" in New York City. "Workers" is defined to include both employees and independent contractors.
New York Governor Vetoes Legislation Barring Non-Competes
On Friday, December 22, 2023, New York Governor Kathy Hochul vetoed a bill that would have barred virtually all post-employment non-compete agreements in New York state. The bill passed both houses of the legislature this summer and has been the subject of intense negotiation since then. You can read our summary of the bill here. One key issue with the legislation was its failure to allow for non-competes in connection with the sale of a business.
New California Statutes Expected To Have National Impact On Post-Employment Restrictive Covenants
On January 1, 2024, two new California statutes that could have a national impact on employee restrictive covenants, such as noncompete and non-solicitation agreements, will become effective. California's Business and Professional Code (BPC) already contains stringent provisions essentially prohibiting noncompetes and non-solicits with employees in California. The two new bills, Senate Bill 699 (SB 699) and Assembly Bill 1076 (AB 1076), broaden those prohibitions.
EXPERT INSIGHTS-NEW YORK CITY'S ALGORITHMIC HIRING LAW: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
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New York City's Algorithmic Hiring Law: What You Need To Know
Effective July 5, 2023, New York City now requires employers or employment agencies that use automated employment decision tools ("AEDTs") to submit those AEDTs to periodic bias audits, to make information about the bias audit publicly available, and to provide certain notices to job candidates or employees.
New Legislation In New York Bars Non-Competes
The New York state legislature passed an amendment to the state's Labor Law that essentially bars the use of non-competes. The bill will go to Governor Hochul and will become law if she signs it. Here are the answers to some key questions about the substance of the legislation: What does the legislation do?
EXPERT INSIGHTS— Washington, D.C. Revises New Non-Compete Statute To Avoid Total Ban
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Private-Sector Employers In New York State Required To Provide Notice On Monitoring Of Employees
Effective May 7, 2022, private-sector employers in New York State that monitor or otherwise intercept their employees' electronic and internet usage and communications must provide notice about that monitoring to their employees. This new statute applies to all private employers in New York State regardless of employer size and type. The law requires employers to provide prior written notice of their electronic monitoring practices to all employees upon hiring.
New Salary Disclosure Law: NYC Council Delays Effective Date
In January of this year, the New York City Council adopted Local Law No. 32 which requires businesses in New York City to include a “good faith” salary range in all job postings. The Law was originally scheduled to go into effect on May 15, 2022. As a result of concerns raised by the business community, a recent amendment delayed the effective date to November 1, 2022.
Doping in Esports: An International Solution to the Problem that no one is Talking About
Not that long ago, esports was for gamer nerds. Everyone plays video games every once in a while, but COMPETITIVE gaming was for people with poor hygiene living in their parents’ basement. Today, esports is a billion-dollar entertainment industry growing at an astronomical pace — it is expected to generate nearly $5 billion by 2030. That is more money than the National Hockey League or La Liga. With that money comes increased pressure to win.
Supreme Court Declines To Consider Reversing The Republic Of France's Successful Assertion Of Sovereign Immunity
Last March, a unanimous panel of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals held for Carter Ledyard client the Republic of France and dismissed a trademark infringement lawsuit brought by France.com, Inc. in federal court in Virginia. On December 13, 2021, the United States Supreme Court declined to grant certioriari, leaving the dismissal in place. In 2015, a French court awarded the domain name “france.com” to France based on principles of French intellectual property law. France.com, Inc.
The New York HERO Act: Guidance For Employers
To print this article, all you need is to be registered or login on Mondaq.com. On May 5, 2021, Governor Cuomo signed the New York Health and Essential Rights Act (the "HERO Act" or "Act"), which amends the New York Labor Law by adding two new sections imposing significant health and safety obligations on employers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
What to expect at pediatric visits during the pandemic - Delaware State News
During Delaware’s state of emergency, coverage of the novel coronavirus pandemic appeared outside our normal paywall as a public service. As of June 1, a subscription is needed to read an unlimited number of stories. Get your first month of digital access for $5.99. Subscribe now.
What to expect during pediatric visits during the pandemic
Dr. Jeffrey Boxer is a pediatric physician with Beacon Pediatrics and a member of the Beebe Medical Staff. Coastal Point • Submitted We get many questions from parents of our pediatric patients. This guide is a great resource for parents to know when and how they can safely come into the office for scheduled appointments and exams. Is it safe to see my pediatrician during the pandemic? The answer is yes.
We Were More Than Just Slaves In Egypt
Somewhere between the charoset and the matzo ball soup, the Passover Hagaddah makes a somewhat strange request: “In each generation, every person is obligated to see themselves as if they personally came forth from Egypt.” It’s not enough to merely remember that our ancestors were slaves in Egypt. We need to connect with that memory personally. This radical empathy is, for many people, the heart of the Passover seder.
Sam Nunberg Appears At Russia Grand Jury - Backing Down On Bizarre Threat
Former Donald Trump campaign aide Sam Nunberg, who had balked at testifying in the investigation of Russian meddling in the 2016 presidential campaign, appeared at the federal courthouse in Washington on Friday as part of Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s probe. Nunberg, who was seen by reporters arriving at the U.S. District Court in Washington, had been subpoenaed by a grand jury but in a daylong televised circus on Monday he said he would ignore the order, even at the risk of going to jail.
How Did Sam Nunberg Go From A Fancy Jewish School To Trumpland?
Sam Nunberg is known as the “reporter whisperer” for his eagerness to dish with the press and see his name in print. Now it seems his 15 minutes of fame will end quietly, under oath and behind closed doors. Nunberg, a Republican fixer and former aide to Donald Trump during his presidential run, sent the media into a frenzy on Monday when, in a burst of bluster worthy of his boss, he said he was going to defy a subpoena to testify in Robert Mueller’s investigation of the campaign.
Sam Nunberg Defies Subpoena For Robert Mueller Grand Jury
Former Trump campaign aide Sam Nunberg says he will not comply with orders from special counsel Robert Muller to appear in front of a federal grand jury investigating Russia’s interference in the 2016 presidential election. He also refuses to hand over any documents.
The Secret Jewish History of Spain’s Most Famous Pig
The clock is ticking again for the most famous resident of La Alberca, a quaint, medieval Spanish village three hours west of Madrid. For seven months of the year, an Iberian pig roams this town. The famous swine is blessed on June 13 each year, then spends his days sleeping in the streets and being fed by the locals. The pig has become somewhat of a tourist attraction in recent years, as Spaniards come from across the country to take photos with him.
Meet A.J. Edelman, Israel’s First Olympic Skeleton Athlete
“I want to challenge the perception of what Jews and Israelis can do in sports.” That was the theme that A.J. Edelman kept returning to during an interview just hours after the 26-year-old learned that he would be competing at the 2018 Winter Olympics. On Wednesday, Edelman became Israel’s first-ever Olympic athlete in skeleton, a sport in which you slide face-first down a frozen track on a small sled.
Will A.J. Edelman Make Waves On The Ice At Winter Olympics?
“I want to challenge the perception of what Jews and Israelis can do in sports.” That was the theme that A.J. Edelman kept returning to during an interview just hours after the 26-year-old learned that he would be competing at the 2018 Winter Olympics. On Wednesday, Edelman became Israel’s first-ever Olympic athlete in skeleton, a sport in which you slide face-first down a frozen track on a small sled.
Puerto Rico’s Biggest Newspaper: The U.S. Hasn’t Helped Us Because Of ‘The Jew’
January 10, 2018 By Jeffrey Boxer It has been nearly three months since Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico, and the island’s recovery has been slow. The U.S. territory is struggling with shortages of food and medical supplies, and a full 45% of residents still don’t have power. San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz blames Washington for failing to devote adequate resources to Puerto Rico’s recovery: She recently dubbed President Trump the “disaster-in-chief”.
Ex-New York Knicks Player Converts To Judaism — Joins Israeli Team
The Jewish people have added an unlikely new member to the team — a pro basketball player whose journey took him from Catholic prep school to a cameo stint with the New York Knicks to Israel. Chris Smith, the younger brother of Cleveland Cavaliers guard J.R. Smith, converted to Judaism earlier this year, and made Aliyah in late November. He signed with the Ironi Nahariya of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.
Sam Nunberg Calls Jared Kushner ‘Worst Political Adviser’ Ever
Former Trump campaign aide Sam Nunberg has branded presidential advisor/son-in-law Jared Kushner as “the worst political adviser in the White House in modern history,” Vanity Fair reported. “I’m only saying publicly what everyone says behind the scenes at Fox News, in conservative media, and the Senate and Congress,” Nunberg added.
Alex Bregman, Jewish Star In The Making, Wins Wild World Series Game
“You had to see it to believe it” can be a tired cliche. Sometimes, it is all that is left. In a marathon World Series game that defied the odds, defied belief, and, with home run flying out of the ballpark at a record-setting pace, defied gravity, the Houston Astros outlasted the Los Angeles Dodgers 13-12 in 10 innings. It was nearly 1:00 am Eastern on Monday when Houston’s Jewish star-in-the-making, Alex Bregman, put the game to bed on a walkoff hit.
Spanish Soccer Star Attacked For Tweeting The Israeli Flag ‌ In Israel
The Spanish national soccer team was in Jerusalem this week for a World Cup qualifier against Israel. While the match itself was fairly tame – a 1-0 win for the visitors – one of Spain’s star players set off some fireworks before kickoff. Marco Asensio, a midfielder that plays for Real Madrid, spent the night before the match taking in the sights in Jerusalem.
Robert Kraft Pledges $1M For Hurricane Harvey Relief
New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft pledged to match up to $1 million in donations to the American Red Cross to support those affected by disastrous flooding in Texas. The unprecedented rainfall in Houston has claimed at least 10 lives, displaced tens of thousands of people, and caused billions of dollars worth of damage. Jewish organizations across the country have pledged to help, and Kraft, a noted philanthropist, joined several other NFL owners in donating.
LaVar Ball Wears A Kippah – ‘My Girl In High School Was Jewish”
LaVar Ball: outspoken father, obnoxious basketball coach … and honorary member of the tribe?! At a recent autograph signing, the Ball patriarch broke out into a huge grin when a Jewish fan in a kippah asked if he wanted to “switch caps.” “I used to have one of those,” Ball told the room. “My girl back in high school, she was Jewish.
Kobi And The Cosmos: How A Veteran Israeli Soccer Player Found His Way To New York
“Everywhere I’ve played, I’ve felt like an ambassador for Israel.” When Kobi Moyal signed for the New York Cosmos at the end of June, it was the culmination of a long and winding road from a West Bank settlement to the bright lights of the city that never sleeps. The 30-year-old has played for clubs in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa and Kfar Saba. He has played for the Israeli national team. He was even chosen as the midfielder of the year during a brief stint in Moldova.
Could Jon Ossoff’s Secret Weapon In Tight Georgia Race Be Jewish Women - And Daughters?
JOHNS CREEK, Ga. (JTA) — Clad in knee-length, loose fitting shorts, wicking T-shirts, baseball caps and sensible shoes, they cluster and clutch water bottles and exchange war stories awaiting the candidate’s arrival. Some bring their daughters — almost always their daughters. Sons exist, if a reporter probes, but it seems they are best left at home. But campaigning for the Democrat Jon Ossoff in the tight 6th District special House election is a mother-daughter thing.
The Angel Of Cairo: How Spain Saved Egypt’s Jews After The Six Day War
On June 21, 1967, with the Arab world still smarting from their stunning defeat in the Six Day War, the Spanish government undertook a secret operation to free hundreds of Jews from Egyptian prisons. At the outbreak of the Six Day War, Egypt arrested hundreds of Jews – “at least one from each family, in order to frighten the whole minority population,” Angel Sagaz, the Spanish Ambassador to Egypt, would later write.
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