Jeffrey Phillips

1 INTRODUCTION Hypoxia occurs when oxygen availability does not match the demand required to maintain homeostasis, most often owing to insufficient oxygen delivery to a tissue because of reduced blood oxygen saturation ( S p O 2 ${{S}_{{\mathrm{p}}{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ) or reduced tissue perfusion (Sarkar et al., 2017).

1 INTRODUCTION Hypoxia can occur during altitude exposure or pathologically through cardiovascular disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or respiratory viral infections.