Jia-Ying Li

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. References 1 and , “Zur Kenntnis der Cyclobutanreihe,” Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 40 (1907): 3979–3999. 2, “Bonding Properties of Cyclopropane and Their Chemical Consequences,” Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18 (1979): 809–826.

Abstract Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Promoters, containing multiple cis-regulatory elements, are crucial for plant gene expression. While constitutive promoters are widely used in stress-resistance engineering, their sustained strong expression can lead to metabolic waste and hinder growth. In contrast, inducible promoters enable precise, stage-specific gene activation, offering flexible regulation.