INTRODUCTION Within the realm of multilingual education and composition studies, numerous accounts have highlighted the adverse experiences faced by international students, which encompass racial discrimination, stereotyping, and marginalization (De Costa, 2020; Zhang-Wu, 2023a). Recent research on international students and immigrant communities aligns with this struggle, shedding light on the dehumanizing impact of linguistic racism (De Costa, 2020; Dovchin, 2020; Oliver & Exell, 2020).