Jianli Tao

1. Introduction Mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, West Nile fever, chikungunya fever, and Zika fever, are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and collectively account for approximately one million deaths annually, posing a significant global public health burden [1,2]. Factors such as globalization, increased international travel, and changes in climate and land use patterns have heightened the risks of these diseases worldwide.

Maoyu Wang1†, Zhensheng Zhang1†, Zhizhou Li1†, Yasheng Zhu1,2*‡ and Chuanliang Xu1*‡ 1Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China 2Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China With the rapidly increasing incidence of bladder cancer in China and worldwide, great efforts have been made to understand the detailed mechanism of bladder cancer tumorigenesis.