Jiaying Xie

Nina Wang Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China Search for more papers by this author

What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community? ○ Offers novel insights into midwives' experiences of delivering psychosocial interventions for bereaved parents in real world maternity care settings. ○ Identifies critical gaps in systemic support, training, and policy that limit consistent bereavement care. ○ Provides evidence to guide the development of structured, midwife-led psychosocial interventions.

1. Introduction Due to their wide availability and affordability, carbohydrates can serve as a major energy source for some farmed fish [1]. While optimal inclusion of carbohydrates in fish diets has been shown to have a protein-sparing effect [2, 3], many fish species have limited capacity to utilize carbohydrates efficiently, with prolonged consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) leading to negative effects on growth and health [4].