Jinahn Safir

Introduction Pregnancy success depends on maternal immune adaptation that permits tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus while maintaining protection against infection. Disruption of this delicate immune balance is a recognized contributor to early pregnancy loss (1–3). While considerable attention has been devoted to pro-inflammatory cytokines, NK cells, and Treg dysfunction in recurrent miscarriage (RPL) (4), the potential role of immune senescence remains largely unexplored.