Jindarat Ekprasert

2.3. In Vitro Screening of Endophytic Fungi for Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) Properties 2.3.1. Phosphate Solubilization Assay All endophytic fungal isolates were tested for their capacity to solubilize phosphate using Pikovskaya’s (PKV) broth (per liter: 0.5 g (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 g MgSO4⋅7H2O, 0.02 g NaCl, 0.02 g KCl, 0.003 g FeSO4⋅7H2O, 0.003 g MnSO4⋅H2O, 10.0 g glucose, 0.5 g yeast extract, and supplemented with 0.5% tricalcium phosphate) [23].

1. Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple cereal that feeds more than 50% of the global population. Almost all rice (more than 90%) is being produced in Asia. The most commonly consumed rice cultivars have a white kernel. However, specialty rice cultivars exist with red, purple, and black colored kernels, and these cultivars are known as black rice [1]. Their grains contain high amounts of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins and antioxidant substances.

3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Flow Value The flow values of geopolymer mortar containing BLWA are shown in Figure 5. The flow value of the control specimen (LG00) was 126%, while that of the geopolymer mortar containing BLWA decreased with increasing BLWA replacement ratio. The impaired fluidity of the fresh geopolymer mortar was due to the flaky and angular shape of BLWA in comparison to the river sand [54,55]. This finding is consistent with Ferreira et al.