Jinhua Yin

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32578440. Supporting Information Filename Description gcb70967-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfPDF document, 812.7 KB Figure S1: Temporal dynamics of air and soil temperature (10 cm) recorded in 30-min intervals at Henfaes Research Centre, North Wales, UK, between May 1st 2021 to September 30th 2025.

Abstract The rapid growth of AI systems has been fueled by large-scale human data, intensifying concerns over the unauthorized use of intellectual property and privacy-sensitive content during model training. Auditing such misuse is particularly challenging since mainstream AI services operate as black boxes, exposing only generated outputs while concealing their training and inference processes.

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