Jinming Yao

Abstract Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) is the preferred method for many thoracic diseases, featuring advantages of minimal trauma, reduced postoperative pain, and low complication rates. However, it carries potential risks, including splenic rupture—a rare but life-threatening complication. A 69-year-old male patient developed hemodynamic instability during VATS for left-sided empyema clearance; intraoperative exploration failed to identify an obvious bleeding source.

1. Introduction Electromagnetic rail launch (EML) uses electromagnetic force generated by a high-power pulsed high current to drive an armature at high speed in a straight line [1,2,3]. The armature is a key component in EML, which is mainly responsible for converting electrical energy into kinetic energy to achieve high-speed launching. The electrical contact interface generates a huge interface source, including Joule and friction heat [4,5].

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by 1, 1, 1,*, 2, 1 and 1 1 School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.