Jinshui Chen

1. Introduction As the demand for higher product quality and increased production efficiency in industrial manufacturing has escalated, industrial surface defect detection technologies have garnered considerable attention. The accurate detection and segmentation of surface defects are critical to ensuring product quality, minimizing defect rejection rates, and optimizing manufacturing processes [1].

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1. Introduction The concept of fractional order iterative learning control (FOILC) [1] has two meanings, where the fractional order can be derived from both the plant control system and the iterative learning law.