Jitender Bariwal

Conflict of Interests The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1, , Org. Biomol. Chem. 2019, 17, 5475–5489. 2, , , , , Synthesis 2019, 51, 3021–3054. 3, , Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2020, 59, 16832–16846. 4, , , , Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2019, 58, 1586–1604. 5, , , Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 97–113. 6, , , , , , , , , , , Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2025, 64, e202416956. 7, , , , Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 5848–5958.

Nanodiscs: a versatile nanocarrier platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment Cancer therapy is a significant challenge due to insufficient drug delivery to the cancer cells and non-selective killing of healthy cells by most chemotherapy agents. Nano-formulations have shown great promise for targeted drug delivery with improved efficiency. The shape and size of nanocarriers significantly affect their transport inside the body and internalization into the cancer cells.

Spiroindolines and spiroindoles are an important class of spirocyclic compounds present in a wide range of pharmaceuticals and biologically important natural alkaloids. Various spiroindolines and spiroindoles possess versatile reactivity which enables them to act as precursors for other privileged heterocycles. In view of the importance of this scaffold, many researchers focused their efforts to develop facile and mild synthetic methods for spirocyclization of indoles.