Joana Machado

Abstract The use and marketing of herbicides are increasing worldwide. Glyphosate and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) are the most prominent herbicides in this progression, used alone and in combination. There are few reports on the effects of these herbicides in combination. The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) experimental model has a complete system and is easy to manipulate and maintain.

Abstract The mechanisms of gene expression regulation are essential for cell identity and function, and their disruption usually leads to human disease. The 3 prime untranslated region (3'UTR) of mRNA contains important regulatory elements of gene expression, including upstream sequence elements (USEs) that are cis-regulatory sequences localized upstream of polyA signals (PAS).

Abstract The 3'UTR contains regulatory elements that control mRNA 3' end formation, polyadenylation, mRNA stability and translation, with an important function in gene expression regulation. Upstream sequence elements (USEs) are cis-regulatory sequences localized in the 3'UTR upstream of polyA signals (PAS), with a function in mRNA 3' end formation, that have been well characterized in mammals, virus and Drosophila melanogaster.