John Bianco

4. Discussion DMG is an invasive paediatric brain tumour with a high mortality rate, and because of the location and infiltrative nature of the disease, radiotherapy is the only effective palliative treatment option currently available [10,17]. As DMG rarely develops naturally in animals, PDX animal models are important for preclinical in vivo therapy efficacy validation.

Introduction Over the past several decades, gliomas have become the leading cause of death among central nervous system (CNS) malignancies across different populations worldwide (1). Despite tremendous advances in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for gliomas, most patients still have dismal prognoses (2). Especially for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal type, rarely survive two years after diagnosis (3).

Abstract High-grade gliomas, in particularly diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered in children and glioblastoma in adults, are the most lethal brain tumour with a dismal prognosis. Developments in modern medicine are constantly being applied in the search for a cure, although finding the right strategy remains elusive. Circumventing the blood–brain barrier is one of the biggest challenges when it comes to treating brain tumours.