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Articles by John O'Doherty
Proteínas vegetales en dietas para cerdos
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Synergistic Benefits of Butyric Acid and Resistant Potato Starch on Growth and Gut Health in Weaned Pigs
ADFI average daily feed intake ADG average daily gain DE digestible energy DM dry matter FS faecal scores GE gross energy G:F gain to feed ratio OTU operational taxonomic units VFA volatile fatty acid 1 Introduction The gut microbiome plays a critical role in supporting nutritional, physiological, and immunological functions in pigs (Fouhse et al. 2016). Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by beneficial gut bacteria through dietary fibre fermentation is particularly important.
The representation and valuation of subgoals in the human brain during model-based hierarchical behavior
Abstract The human capacity to plan and perform long, complex sequences of behavior to achieve distant goals depends in part on a hierarchical organization that divides behavior into structured segments. Such a mechanism requires the internal designation of certain states as subgoals to mark the successful implementation of a behavioral segment. How the brain represents subgoals over time and computes decision values as a function of subgoals is unknown.
Computational and neural mechanisms underlying the influence of action affordances on value learning
Abstract When encountering a novel situation, an intelligent agent needs to find out which actions are most beneficial for interacting with that environment. One purported mechanism for narrowing down the scope of possible actions is the concept of action affordance.
Computational and neural evidence for altered fast and slow learning from losses in gambling disorder
Abstract Learning occurs across multiple timescales, with fast learning crucial for adapting to sudden environmental changes, and slow learning beneficial for extracting robust knowledge from multiple events. Here we asked if miscalibrated fast vs slow learning can lead to maladaptive decision-making in individuals with gambling disorder.
Computational and neural mechanisms underlying the influence of action affordances on value-based choice
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Neural substrates of parallel devaluation-sensitive and devaluation-insensitive Pavlovian learning in humans
New Results doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.26.525637 Abstract Pavlovian learning depends on multiple and parallel associations leading to distinct classes of conditioned responses that vary in their flexibility following changes in the value of an associated outcome. Here, we aimed to differentiate brain areas involved in learning and encoding associations that are sensitive to changes in the value of an outcome from those that are not sensitive to such changes.
Director/PDMR Shareholding
RNS Number : 7405I Appreciate Group PLC 03 April 2020 Appreciate Group plc ("Appreciate" the "Company") Notification of transaction by persons discharging managerial responsibilities and persons closely associated The Company has been informed that on 2 April 2020 John Sullivan O'Doherty ("Ian"), Chief Executive Officer of Appreciate, acquired 40,000 ordinary shares of 2 pence each in the Company ("Ordinary Shares") at a price of 34.00 pence per Ordinary Share.
Marketing Actions Can Modulate Neural Representations of Experienced Pleasantness
Despite the importance and pervasiveness of marketing, almost nothing is known about the neural mechanisms through which it affects decisions made by individuals. We propose that marketing actions, such as changes in the price of a product, can affect neural representations of experienced pleasantness. We tested this hypothesis by scanning human subjects using functional MRI while they tasted wines that, contrary to reality, they believed to be different and sold at different prices.
TRB News Profiles - Larry Galehouse, National Center for Pavement Preservation (NCPP)
TR News, January – February 2015, Number 296 “Our highway infrastructure took decades and generations of Americans to build and is simply too valuable to be left to languish.” An early champion for infrastructure preservation, Larry Galehouse managed maintenance programs at the Michigan Department of Transportation (DOT) long before starting the National Center for Pavement Preservation (NCPP).
Communicating the Value of Bridge Preservation
Author: Ed Welch, NCPP-Bridge Preservation Engineer Perspective of: Dick Dunne, Director of Structural Engineering services, Michael Baker, Inc. Dick is the former NJDOT Bridge Engineer and brings both an Owner and Consultant perspective to this topic. Dick’s Key Points on Communicating the Value of Bridge Preservation: Dick’s involvement: Every chance I get, I communicate in general terms with Owners, and fellow Consultants the need for Bridge Preservation.
Evidence for a Common Representation of Decision Values for Dissimilar Goods in Human Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Experiment 1 Subjects. Nineteen right-handed healthy subjects participated in the first experiment (mean age, 23; range, 19–31), of which four were female. One additional subject completed the experiment but was excluded from the analysis because he did not understand the instructions. The subjects were prescreened to exclude those with a prior history of neurological or psychiatric illness.
Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness
Abstract Despite the importance and pervasiveness of marketing, almost nothing is known about the neural mechanisms through which it affects decisions made by individuals. We propose that marketing actions, such as changes in the price of a product, can affect neural representations of experienced pleasantness. We tested this hypothesis by scanning human subjects using functional MRI while they tasted wines that, contrary to reality, they believed to be different and sold at different prices.
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay in Everyday Economic Transactions
Task. Figure 1 describes the time structure of the experiment. Subjects were instructed not to eat for 4 h before the experiment, which increased the value that they placed on the foods. They were also instructed that they would have to remain in the lab for 30 min at the conclusion of the experiment, and that the only thing that they will be able to eat is whatever food they purchased from us during the task.
Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others
Abstract The neural processes underlying empathy are a subject of intense interest within the social neurosciences1,2,3. However, very little is known about how brain empathic responses are modulated by the affective link between individuals. We show here that empathic responses are modulated by learned preferences, a result consistent with economic models of social preferences4,5,6,7.
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