In Malawi, mixed farming systems are under significant strain due to a combination of challenges. Low agricultural productivity is a primary concern, driven by land degradation, declining soil health and nutrient depletion. Traditional reliance on inorganic fertilizers has proven inadequate, leading to persistent yield gaps and poor crop productivity. By Sabine Homann-Kee Tui, Julius Manda, Mazvita Chiduwa, John O.