Highlights • The tumor microenvironment has both skewed Tex and Tnon-ex clonotypes • Among skewed clonotypes, Tex, but not Tnon-ex, directly attack tumor cells • PD-1 blockade promotes Tex clonotype infiltration • TDLNs can be the origin of such Tex clonotypes Summary PD-1 blockade exerts clinical efficacy against various types of cancer by reinvigorating T cells that directly attack tumor cells (tumor-specific T cells) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes...