Jon L Norenburg

1 Introduction Phylosymbiosis elucidates the interconnections between the ecological and evolutionary relationships of host organisms and the composition of their associated microbial communities, called microbiota. This pattern arises when a significant correlation is observed between host phylogenies and microbiota composition, suggesting that microbial communities are shaped by the host's evolutionary history, biological traits, and ecological factors, such as dietary niches (Erlandson et al.

Abstract Hemichordata has always played a central role in evolutionary studies of Chordata due to their close phylogenetic affinity and shared morphological characteristics. Hemichordates had no meiofaunal representatives until the surprising discovery of a microscopic, paedomorphic enteropneust Meioglossus psammophilus (Harrimaniidae, Hemichordata) from the Caribbean in 2012. No additional species have been described since, questioning the broader distribution and significance of this genus.

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