Joohyeong Lee

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CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT None of the authors have any conflict of interest to declare. REFERENCES , , & (2014). Utility of antioxidants during assisted reproductive techniques: An evidence based review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 12(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-12-112 , , & (2003). Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction. Fertility and Sterility, 79(4), 829–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04948-8 , , , & (2021).

1 Introduction Fertilization is a complex and highly regulated process that involves a series of molecular interactions between sperm and oocytes and is crucial for sexual reproduction (Chiu et al., 2014). Molecules expressed in the sperm are called egg-binding proteins, and their counterparts are termed sperm receptors.