José Bargas

1. Basic concepts about movement Movement is an essential ability to maintain life. Even fewer complex beings such as bacteria need to move in search of nutrients and ensure their survival (Lodish et al., 2021).

Dalton James Surmeier*, Shenyu Zhai, Qiaoling Cui and DeNard V. Simmons Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States For roughly the last 30 years, the notion that striatal dopamine (DA) depletion was the critical determinant of network pathophysiology underlying the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has dominated the field.

Introduction Volitional and skilled motor behavior is predominantly controlled by the neocortex and its descending corticospinal tract (CST) to spinal motor-related circuitry. Injury, such as stroke, often damages these structures thereby compromising motor function (Tsao et al., 2022).