Judith Cediel Escobar

1 Introduction Cognitive neuroscience is challenged by various sources of noise inherent in noninvasive neuroimaging data. This often prevents researchers from reliably measuring responses from individual participants and trials, crucial for testing and advancing theoretical models of high granularity. The main objective of this technical report is to show how the well-established approach of Bayesian multilevel modeling can address these issues.

Abstract Aversive conditioning changes visuocortical responses to conditioned cues, and the generalization of these changes to perceptually similar cues may provide mechanistic insights into anxiety and fear disorders. Yet, neuroimaging conditioning paradigms are challenged by poor single-trial signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), missing trials, and inter-individual differences in learning.