Materials and methods This study was performed between February and August 2019 at two tertiary hospitals in Western Sydney. Western Sydney is a diabetes hotspot, with an ethnically diverse, low-socioeconomic population.15 The treating endocrinologist offered study participation to consecutive patients with diabetes over the age of 18 years, who attended routine appointments at foot ulcer or integrated care diabetes clinics.16 Informed, written consent was obtained from all participants.