Junichi Matsubara

CDx companion diagnostics CGP comprehensive genomic profiling CI confidence interval F1CDx FoundationOne CDx HRR homologous recombination repair ICI immune checkpoint inhibitor Indel insertion and deletion alteration LOH loss of heterozygosity MBRT molecular-based recommended therapy MSI microsatellite instability MSS microsatellite stable NR not reached ORR overall response rate OS overall survival PFS progression-free survival SoC standard of care TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor TMB tumor...

Abstract Background. Colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) are seldom eradicated by cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer cells with stem-like functional properties, often referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), display preferential resistance to several anti-tumor agents used in cancer chemotherapy, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning their selective survival remain only partially understood. Methods.

As with virtually all medical progress, the ability to diagnose a disease or the causes of a condition has preceded our capability to treat it, sometimes for many years. Examples that come to mind are HIV/AIDS and human papillomavirus–induced cervical cancer, for which effective therapies only became available decades later. Likewise, individual genetic aberrations associated with, if not directly causing, cancer, such as KRAS and BRAF, have been known for many years.